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ABC Treffen am 31. Mai 2001:
“Chancen und Möglichkeiten von deutschen klein- und
mittelständischen Unternehmen der IT-Branche in der VR-China”
(wenn Sie in den Titel klicken, können Sie die Vortragsfolien herunterladen)
Referent: Herr Christian Pfalz, Partner der ChinaConsulting
Aktuelle Informationen:
Informationen zu folgenden Headlines unter www.chinabiz.org
10. August 2001 - China Online gibt auf: Shanghai - Der älteste Anbieter von Wirtschaftsnachrichten in China, China Online, hat seinen Gläubigern gegenüber verkündet,
dass die Rechnungen nicht mehr bezahlt werden können. Die frei schaffenden Mitarbeiter von China Online in China erhielten schon seit Monaten keine Honorare mehr und hatten die
Arbeit für das in Chicago beheimatete Unternehmen eingestellt.
07. August 2001Plan zur Vorbereitung Chinas auf die WTO veröffentlicht Beijing - Die
staatliche Entwicklungsplanungskommission (State Development Planning Commission - SDPC) hat am Montag einen Teil des Planes veröffentlicht, um China für die
Herausforderungen beim Eintritt in die Welthandelsorganisation (World Trade Organization - WTO) vorzubereiten. Die Regierung wird ihre Handlungsweise ändern müssen, und
einheimische Firmen werden gezwungen sein, sich auf den harten Wettbewerb mit ausländischen Firmen vorzubereiten, schreibt Reuters am Dienstag.
01 Juli 2001 - USA nehmen Unterstützungsprogramm wieder auf
Beijing – Nach zwölfjähriger Unterbrechung setzt das Handels- und Entwicklungsbüro der USA (U.S. Trade and Development Agency - TDA) sein Hilfsprogramm für China fort. Thelma Askey, die
Direktorin der TDA, und Sun Zhenyu, Vizepräsident des Ministeriums für Handel und wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit (MOFTEC), trafen sich am Dienstag in Beijing, um einen
entsprechenden Rahmenvertrag („Operating Framework Agreement“) zu unterzeichnen.
31. Juli 2001- Börsenkurse stürzen ab: Shanghai/Shenzhen – Am Montag befanden sich die
chinesischen Börsen im freien Fall. Die beiden chinesischen Indizes verloren je mehr als fünf Prozent, meldeten verschiedene Medien am Dienstag.
China Eastern leidet unter weltweitem Wirtschaftsabschwung
30. Juli 2001- Shanghai – Chinas schnell wachsende Luftfahrtindustrie bekommt jetzt die
Auswirkungen der weltweiten Abschwächung der Wirtschaft und der inländischen
Preiskriege zu spüren. China Eastern Airlines, das zweitgrößte Luftfahrtunternehmen Chinas, erwartet einen Verlust für das erste Halbjahr 2001. Auf andere Luftfahrtgesellschaften könnten
ähnlich harte Zeiten zukommen, berichtet die South China Morning Post (SCMP) am Montag.
Preisbildungsprozess wird transparent
27 Juli 2001 - Beijing
– Die staatliche Behörde für Planung und Entwicklung (SDPC) hat neue
Regeln bei der Festsetzung der Preise für staatlich kontrollierte Produkte und
Serviceleistungen beschlossen, schreibt die China Daily am Freitag. Die neuen Regeln werden die derzeitige Praxis ablösen, nach der außer der Regierung niemand am Preisbildungsprozess
beteiligt ist und sich die Verbraucher lediglich später beschweren können.
Huarong lädt internationale Investoren zur Abgabe von Geboten für notleidende
Kredite ein
26 Juli 2001 - Beijing
– Zum ersten Mal haben ausländischen Investoren ähnliche Gelegenheiten bei Geschäften mit notleidenden Krediten wie inländischen Bankiers. Das Vermögensverwaltungsunternehmen Huarong hat diese Woche begonnen, weltweit
Investoren zur öffentlichen Versteigerung der Kredite eingeladen, berichtet die People´s Daily am Donnerstag.
24. Juli 2001 - Bessere Transportverbindungen zwischen Taiwan und China absehbar
Taipei – Wenn China der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) beitritt, könnte Taiwan
die Kontrollen für Transport- und Handelsverbindungen nach China lockern,
berichtet die Agence France-Presse (AFP) am Dienstag.
23. Juli 20001 - Hutchison: Keine neuen Investitionen in chinesische Häfen
Hongkong – Hutchison Port Holding (HPH), der größte ausländische Investor in chinesische
Häfen, wird in China keine neuen Investitionen tätigen, um weiter zu expandieren. Abgesehen von bereits begonnen oder beabsichtigten Projekten sieht das Unternehmen in China keine
bedeutenden Gelegenheiten mehr. Dies verkündete John Meredith, Geschäftsführer bei HPH in der Zeitung HK-imail am Montag.
22. Juli 2001 - Hongkong ist gegen „open skies“
Hongkong – Die Sonderverwaltungszone (SAR) Hongkong wird wahrscheinlich die Politik des „open skies“, die den Wettbewerb auf internationalen Flügen verbessern sollte, nicht
übernehmen. Dies verlautete Sandra Lee, Ministerin für Wirtschaftliche Dienstleistungen der Hongkong SAR am Samstag in der Sendung „Hong Kong Letter.“
20. Juli 2001 - Japan drängt auf Aufwertung des Renminbi
Tokio – China sollte seine Währung festigen, wenn es der World Trade Organization (WTO) beitritt, verlangt Masayuki Matsushima, Geschäftsführer der Bank of Japan. Dies berichtet die
Financial Times (FT) am Freitag. Es erscheint aber unwahrscheinlich, dass Beijing darauf positiv reagiert.
19. Juli 2001 - Versicherungsbereich letzte Hürde für WTO-Beitritt
Brüssel – Zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und der Europäischen Union brach ein Streit über die Bestimmungen zu Chinas vielversprechendem Versicherungsbereich aus. Dieser Streit
bedroht nun den langerwarteten Beitritt des Landes zur Welthandelsorganisation (WTO), berichtet das Wall Street Journal (WSJ) am Donnerstag.
18. Juli 2001 - Weniger Gehalt für Taiwanesen in China
Taipei – In China zu arbeiten verliert für taiwanesische Angestellte an Attraktivität. Die Löhne fallen, zusätzliche Vergütungen werden beschnitten und die Nachfrage nach Talenten nimmt
ab. Viele Arbeiter aus Taiwan liebäugeln jedoch immer noch mit einer Karriere in China, berichtet die Taipei Times am Dienstag.
17. Juli 2001 - Chancengleichheit für ausländische Unternehmen bei Olympiade-Projekten
Beijing – Ausländische Unternehmen erhalten gleiche Chancen für die Bewerbung um
Infrastrukturprojekte im Zuge der Verschönerung Beijings für die Olympischen Spiele 2008. Ausländische Investitionen werden dringend benötigt, da die Veranstaltung viel oder sogar
zuviel von Chinas Kapital beanspruchen wird, berichten mehrere Medien am Dienstag. Wer den Hauptteil der Rechnung übernimmt, ist aber noch unklar.
27. Juni 2001 - Patentgesetz überarbeitet
Beijing – Die Regierung kündigte eine Überarbeitung des chinesischen Patentgesetzes an, das ab 1. diesen Jahres in Kraft treten soll. Das Gesetz soll für Patentinhaber einen besseren Schutz
der Rechte und Interessen gewähren und gleichzeitig Patentverletzungen stärker bestrafen, berichtet Reuters am Mittwoch.
ADRESSEN:
Bayerische Repräsentanzen in Asien Up
Repräsentanzen des Freistaates Bayern in Asien: Bayerische Repräsentanzen knüpfen
Kontakte zu wichtigen Stellen und helfen Verbindungen zu Ansprechpartnern bei Behörden und Unternehmen herzustellen.
VR-China:
State of Bavaria - Shandong Office
Ms Martina Maschauer,
A 10-07 Qi Lu International Plaza, No. 180, Quan Cheng Lu, Jinan, Shandong Province 250011, PR China
Tel.: 0086-531-603-4091, Fax: 0086-531-601-4847
Email:
bayernsd@jn-public.sd.cninfo.net , www.bayern-shandong.com.cn Up
Fraunhofer Liaison Office Beijing
Ansprechpartner: Herr Xiaoding HAN
Unit 0606, Landmarkttower II, 8 North Dongsanhuan Road
Chaoyang District, 100 004 Beijing PR China
Fon: +86-10-6590 6135, Fax: +86-10-8654 2306
EMail: hanxd@public3.bta.net.cn www.fhg.com.cn Links:
Gesellschaft Chinesischer Informatiker in Deutschland e. V.
Chinesischer Akademiker Verein Frankfurt/M. e.V.
Chinesisches Kulturzentrum München e.V.
China-Institut Bremen e. V.
Deutscher Chinesischer Förderverein für Wirtschaft und Kultur e.V.
Hamburger China-Gesellschaft e. V. Allgemeine Informationen:
GDP:
8,205 Md. $ (1999, +7,1%), 7,955 Md. $ (1998, +7,8%), 7,345 Md. $ (1997, 8,3 %)
Import (1999): 165,8 Md US $ (+18,3%)
Export ECONOMY REPORT - CHINA
www.apecsec.org.sg/member/memberecreport/china.html
In 1999, China's economy maintained its growth momentum, registering an
enhancement in quality as well as in benefits.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
China’s GDP reached US$991.07 billion in 1999, up by 7.1 percent over the
previous year’s level. Agricultural production increased continuously on the
whole, showing the progress made in the adjustment of the planting structure.
The capacity to combat natural adversities was enhanced further. As a result,
grain production rose to 500 million tons.
In 1999, industrial production increased steadily, with the value-added of the
whole sector hitting US$427.05 billion, up by 8.5 percent over the 1998 level.
All in all, the state-owned enterprises and state holding companies managed to
reap profits amounting to US$11.68 billion, up by 77.7 percent, the highest
level in the last five years.
The investment structure continued to improve, and so did the quality of
projects. In 1999, investment in fixed assets hit US$360.85 billion, up by 5.2
percent over the year before. Investments by the state and other economic
sectors reached US$9.71 billion in the primary industries (inclusive of the water
conservancy industry), up by 22.6 percent over the 1998 level; US$86.56 billion
in the secondary industries, down by 0.9 percent; and US$166.05 billion in the
tertiary industries, up by 9.3 percent.
In 1999, as a result of the combined effects of a number of factors such as the
increase by the government of the income of low- and middle-income residents,
the rise in consumer credit, the abolition of policies intended to prohibit
consumption, and the successive lowering of interest rates by banks, sales in
the domestic market were stable on the whole and showed signs of
revitalization. Total retail sales of consumer goods reached US$376.06 billion,
up by 6.8 percent over the year before, or by 10.1 percent in real terms, given
the falling prices. Of the total, US$230.60 billion represented retail sales of
consumer goods in cities, up by 7.1 percent, and US$145.46 billion constituted
retail sales at the economy’s level and below, up by 6.3 percent over the
previous year’s level.
The livelihood of urban and rural residents continued to improve. Their income
rose noticeably because the government adopted measures to provide basic
living allowance to the laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises, insurance
to the unemployed, and a minimum living allowance to urban and rural
residents. Higher pensions were also offered to retired personnel of
government departments, undertakings and enterprises. The per capita
disposable income of urban and rural residents stood at US$707.06, up by 9.3
percent over the year before, given the falling prices. However, the growth of
the income of peasants slowed down, with the per capita net income of rural
residents reaching US$266.93, which was higher by 3.8 percent, because of the
fall in prices, but lower by 0.5 percentage point in real terms, than the previous
year’s level. Tourism became fashionable, with the number of tourists reaching
719 million, up by 3.6 percent over the year before, and the per capita tourist
expenses reaching US$27.42.
In 2000, China's economy has been steadily growing and its growth rate is
expected to hit 7.5 percent, reversing the downward trend of the past several
years. GDP grew 8.2 percent year-on-year to reach US$475.8 billion during the
first six months of 2000. Rapid growth in the industrial and service sectors
spurred the GDP surge. China reported US$257.4 billion in total industrial
output for the first six months of the year, an increase of 9.7 percent over the
same period in 1999. Total output of the service sector reached US$164.2
billion during the period, a year-on-year increase of 8.1 percent.
The economy's consumer goods market was quite active during the first six
months. Retail sales of consumer goods reached US$195.8 billion during the
period, an increase of 10.1 percent over the same period in 1999.
Due to the economy's active fiscal policy, fixed assets investment grew steadily
by 11 percent year-on-year to reach US$122.6 billion. Of that total, the
state-owned sector contributed US$90.8 billion, up 12.1 percent.
In the first half of 2000, exports increased 38.3 percent year-on-year to
US$114.5 billion. Imports grew by 36.2 percent to reach US$102.1 billion,
allowing China to enjoy a trade surplus of US$12.4 billion, which is US$4.4
billion higher than the surplus in the same period last year.
INFLATION
In 1999, the central government pursued a series of policies to enlarge
demand, which resulted in prices falling more slowly. However, the pressure of
deflation could still be felt, and for two consecutive years, negative growth of
the inflation rate was registered as the general price level continued to come
down. With prices of most commodities lower than the year before, the general
levels of the residents' consumer price index (CPI) and retail prices dropped by
1.4 percent and 3 percent, respectively, from the 1998 levels.
In 2000, the CPI edged up by a tenth of a percent in the first half of the year, a
sign of improvement following repeated falls in the past two years.
EMPLOYMENT
The government stepped up efforts to increase employment opportunities in
1999. At the year-end, the number of employed totaled 705.86 million, up by
6.29 million over the previous year’s level. The number of employed in urban
areas was 210.14 million, up by 3.36 million, and the number of personnel
employed by private enterprises and individual proprietors was 39.4 million, up
by 7.08 million.
The re-employment program made new headway. In 1999, an additional 5.64
million staff and workers were laid off in state-owned enterprises, but 4.92
million of them were re-employed through various channels. At the year-end,
the laid-off staff and workers totaled 6.5 million, 400,000 more than at the end
of the previous year. The registered rate of unemployment in urban areas stood
at 3.1 percent, on a par with that of the previous year.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
China's imports and exports rose relatively rapidly, and the quality of foreign
investment utilization continued to improve. In the second half of 1999,
following the reversion of the falling trend, China's exports rose at an
accelerated pace. Total imports and exports in 1999 hit US$353.2 billion, up by
11.3 percent over the 1998 level. Exports reached US$194.7 billion, up by 6.1
percent, while imports amounted to US$158.5 billion, up by 18.2 percent,
resulting in a trade surplus of US$36.2 billion. The export structure improved
with exports of electrical and mechanical equipment rising by 14.7 percent,
registering a net growth of US$9.9 billion, and accounting for 88 percent of the
net growth of exports.
The capital account surplus reached US$0.79 billion while the balance of
payments surplus stood at US$16.45 billion.
The foreign investment actually utilized amounted to US$56.3 billion, down by
3.9 percent from the previous year. The contractual foreign investment
amounted to US$45.4 billion, of which US$40.4 billion was foreign direct
investment, down by 11.4 percent, but still taking the leading position among
the developing economies. There was a remarkable increase in the number of
capital and technology-intensive projects encouraged by the state; the scale of
projects was larger; and there were more TNCs investing in China.
The number of international tourists increased, reaching a total of 72.80
million, up by 14.7 percent over the previous year.
In the first half of 2000, China's foreign trade kept an upbeat growth
momentum with exports surging by 38.3 percent to US$114.5 billion. Imports
for the January-June period stood at US$102.1 billion, up 36.2 percent
year-on-year. Total trade surplus amounted to US$12.4 billion, US$4.4 billion
more than the surplus in the same period of last year.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the first half of 2000 amounted to US$17.17
billion, lower by 7.5 percent than the FDI recorded in the same period in 1999.
However, the decline in FDI was less than the decline in 1999.
EXCHANGE RATE
The renminbi remained stable against the US dollar, and the exchange reserves
continued to rise, reaching US$154.7 billion at the year-end, US$9.7 billion
more than at the end of the previous year. The year-end exchange rate was
8.2793 yuan to 1 US dollar, down by 4 basis points from the previous year-end.
FOREIGN DEBT
By the end of 1999, China's registered foreign debt balance was US$151.83
billion, up by US$5.79 billion over the 1998 foreign debt balance. Long- and
medium-term debts amounted to US$136.65 billion, up by US$7.95 billion over
the previous year’s level while short-term debts amounted to US$15.18 billion,
down by US$2.16 billion from the previous year’s total. New foreign borrowings
in 1999 totaled US$30.05 billion, while repayments of the principal and interest
of foreign debts amounted to US$30.99 billion.
FINANCIAL POLICY
The government made a significant decision to more vigorously enforce an
active financial policy by adopting one measure after another, such as issuing a
greater amount of treasury bonds, increasing investment and adjusting policies
for income distribution as well as foreign trade and domestic taxation. All these
resulted in an effective expansion of social demand, and ensured economic
growth and social stability.
Revenues and expenditures increased rapidly. Revenues (excluding loan
revenue) increased by 15.2 percent to reach US$137.42 billion, while
expenditures (excluding loan expenditure) reached US$158.66 billion, up by
21.7 percent. Expenditures exceeded revenues by US$21.25 billion, with a
central financial deficit amounting to US$21.70 billion, and a local surplus of
US$0.50 billion. In 1999, the treasury bonds issued by the central government
amounted to US$48.49 billion, of which US$12.20 billion was used for
investment. Of the amount used for investment, 60 percent was poured into
the economy's middle and western regions.
MONETARY POLICY
Efforts were made to bring the financial policy into play. While the interest rate
and the required deposit reserves rate were lowered, consumer credit and the
central bank's loans to small- and medium-sized financial institutions were
increased. Money supply was also appropriately increased. All these measures
promoted domestic demand and economic growth.
At the end of 1999, M2, M1 and M0 rose by 14.7 percent, 17.7 percent and 20.1
percent, respectively. The year-end deposit balance of all financial institutions
stood at US$1,135.36 billion, an increase of US$130.45 billion in the same year.
Strategies, Policies and Measures Adopted To Step Up Market Development,
Take Precautions Against a Financial Crisis and Promote Sustainable
Economic Growth
1.To execute the strategy to regenerate the economy through science and
technology: The building up of the technology innovation system and the
implementation of projects for knowledge innovation will be stepped up.
The state will give support to the setting up of technological
development centers at large state-owned enterprises, and encourage
the development of the various forms of non-governmental technological
enterprises as well as technology-oriented medium-sized and small
businesses. The construction of state engineering research centers and
bases for the commercialization of the fruits of scientific research is to
be expedited, and important projects for high-tech industrialization are
to be well organized. The state will concentrate its energy on projects to
promote the development of new industries such as digital
high-definition TV, wide-band and high-speed information networks,
automation of industrial processes, aircraft for civil use, and satellites
for civil use. It will also vigorously promote the use of information
technology in the national economy, and accelerate the development of
the information industry.
2.To expedite the reform and development of education: It is necessary to
carry forward quality education in a holistic manner, to make the
nine-year compulsory education universal, and to eliminate illiteracy
among young and middle-aged people. In 2000, 120,000 postgraduate
and 1.8 million undergraduate students are to be enrolled.
Non-government organizations and individuals will be encouraged to run
schools in various forms.
3.To enforce the "Go-West" strategy and promote coordinated regional
economic developments.
4.To continue to pursue the active financial policy and to issue US$12.08
billion worth of long-term treasury bonds to increase investment.
5.To make use of various monetary policies to give vigorous financial
support to economic development: It is necessary to put more basic
currency into circulation to increase money supply appropriately in the
light of the needs of economic development. In 2000, M2 is projected to
rise by 14 to 15 percent and M1 by 17 percent.
6.To suspend the levying of fixed assets investment orientation regulatory
tax while enforcing the adjusted taxation policy to increase investment
demand.
7.To further reform the pricing system:In 2000, the prices of public
transportation as well as water supplied from water conservancy projects
and to the cities will be raised appropriately. The electricity price
structure will be adjusted by lowering the price of electricity used in rural
areas; postage fees will be adjusted and telephone fees in the rural
areas reduced; tuition fees will be reasonably adjusted; prices of
pharmaceuticals and medical fees will be revised; and the rent for public
housing and environmental protection fees will be raised. All these
changes are aimed at promoting the development of basic industries and
public utilities as well as increasing consumption by urban and rural
residents.
8.To reduce the burden on enterprises by straightening out import and
export taxes and lowering appropriately those charges which are on the
high side; to adjust charges for housing construction to lighten the
burden on housing purchasers.
9.To adopt measures to promote consumption demand such as extending
consumption credit to individuals, lengthening the legal holidays and
improving the consumption environment.
10.To pay close attention to the work of converting debts into equity in
some of the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises:The work
must be geared to the transformation of the operating mechanism,
adjustment of the structure and the improvement of management. To
prevent creditor-dodging and debt-abrogation in disguised form and the
loss of state-owned assets, it is necessary to adhere strictly to the
requirements and to standardize the work procedure.
11.To strengthen financial legislation and supervision: In the light of the
guiding principle of managing state and financial matters by law,
financial legislation is to be expedited. In 1999, over 60 sets of rules and
regulations were dealt with, such as the revision of the "Accounting Law"
and the formulation of the "Provisional Rules for Punishing Those Who
Violate the Law or Regulations in Executing the Central Budget".
12.To actively promote the development of medium-sized and small
enterprises as well as non-state-owned sectors, and to create new job
opportunities.
MEDIUM-TERM OUTLOOK
The year 2000 is the turn of the century as well as the final year of the ninth
five-year plan.
In this year, China will continue to execute a series of policies to push forward
economic reform and development, focusing on the reform of state-owned
enterprises, economic restructuring, technological advance and enlarging
domestic demand. Efforts will be made to ensure that agriculture plays the role
of the foundation of the economy, to restructure agriculture and rural areas,
and to increase the income of peasants. With the reform of the state-owned
enterprises as the key link, work will be done to turn losses into profits, and to
introduce a modern corporate system. The active financial policy will be
continued and monetary policy will be given full play. Through a combined use
of macro regulatory measures such as tax and price, infrastructure
construction, technical transformation and technological innovation are to be
stepped up and consumption increased. China will open up further, increase its
imports and exports, and raise the level of foreign investment utilization. Also,
China will improve its social security system, step up the work to aid the poor
and enhance people's livelihood. To ensure a rapid and healthy development of
the national economy and an all-round progress of society, efforts to handle the
relationships of reform, development and stability correctly will be continued.
The expected targets for 2000 are as follows:
Economic growth rate: 7.0 percent (approximately)
Increase in fixed assets investment: 10 percent (approximately)
CPI: moderately higher than 1999
Increase in total imports and exports: over 10 percent
Central budgetary deficit: US$27.77 billion
Money supply: US$18.12 billion (approximately)
Registered unemployment rate in urban areas: 3.5 percent (approximately)
Natural growth rate of population: 0.92 percent
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