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ADRESSEN - PUBLIKATIONEN
- LINKS - ECONOMY REPORT Richtig verhandeln mit Japanern
Kostenloser Leitfaden “Communication with Japanese in Business”
Erhältlich bei JETRO Berlin, Tel.: 030 2094 5560, Fax: 030 2094 5561
Die Unkenntnis über Geschäftsgepflogenheiten und Umgangsformen führt gerade im Kontakt mit Japaern häufig zu Missverständnisse. Die
englischsprachige Broschüre zu diesen interkulturellen Problemen enthält praktische Tips. ADRESSEN:
Bayerische Repräsentanz
in Japan Up
Repräsentanzen des Freistaates Bayern in Asien: Bayerische Repräsentanzen knüpfen Kontakte zu wichtigen Stellen und helfen Verbindungen zu Ansprechpartnern bei Behörden
und Unternehmen herzustellen.
State of Bavaria - Japan Office
Mr Eiichi Sugata,
Yusen Building, 3-2, Marunouchi, 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
Tel.: 0081-3-32 14-1264, Fax: 0081-3-32 87-0136
EMail: bavariaj@cf.mbn.or.jp
, www.jp.invest-in-bavaria.com Up Botschaft Japans in Deutschland
Hiroshimastrasse 6, 10785 Berlin, Tel. (0 30) 210 94-0, Fax (0 30) 210 94-222
Email auf Deutsch / in English: info@embjapan.de
Email Japanisch/Japanese/Nihongo: info-japan@snafu.de
Außenstelle der Botschaft von Japan in Bonn
Godesberger Allee 102-104, 53175 Bonn, Tel. (02 28) 81 91-0, Fax (02 28) 37 93 99 Up
Japanische Konsulate in Deutschland
Konsularbereich: Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und
Thüringen über die Botschaft von Japan
Hiroshimastrasse 6, 10785 Berlin, Tel. (0 30) 210 94-0, Fax (0 30) 210 94-222
Konsular- und Kulturabteilung: Mo-Fr 9.00 - 12.15, 14.00 - 16.30 Uhr
EMail
für Konsularisches dt./engl./jap. (Visum/Einreise/Reisepaß/Einfuhr/Beglaubigungen etc.):
consular-japan@snafu.de
Konsularbereich: Regierungsbezirk Köln
Außenstelle der Botschaft von Japan in Bonn
Godesberger Allee 102-104, 53175 Bonn, Tel. (02 28) 81 91-0, Fax (02 28) 37 93 99
Mo - Fr 9.00 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.30 Uhr
Konsularbereich:
Nordrhein-Westfalen (außer Regierungsbezirk Köln)
Japanisches Generalkonsulat Düsseldorf
Immermannstr. 45, 40210 Düsseldorf, Tel. (02 11) 16 48 20, Fax (02 11) 35 76 50
Mo-Fr 9.00 - 11.30, 13.00 - 16.00 Uhr
http://www.embjapan.de/duesseldorf
Konsularbereich: Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland
Japanisches Generalkonsulat Frankfurt am Main
Taunustor 2, 60311 Frankfurt a. Main, Tel. (0 69) 23 85 730, Fax (0 69) 23 05 31
Mo-Fr 9.00 - 12.30, 14.30 - 16.00 Uhr
http://www.embjapan.de/frankfurt
Konsularbereich: Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen, Hamburg
Japanisches Generalkonsulat Hamburg
Rathausmarkt 5, 20095 Hamburg, Tel. (0 40) 3 33 01 70, Fax (0 40) 30 39 99 15
Mo - Fr 9.30 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.30 Uhr
http://pweb.uunet.de/japan-gk.hh
Konsularbereich: Baden-Württemberg, Bayern
Japanisches Generalkonsulat München
Prinzregentenplatz 10, 81675 München, Tel. (0 89) 4 17 60 40, Fax (0 89) 4 70 57 10
Mo - Fr 9.00 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.00 Uhr
Japanisches Honorarkonsulat in Stuttgart
Werner Schmidt, Japanischer Honorargeneralkonsul
c/o Landesbank Baden-Württemberg, Am Hauptbahnhof 2, 70173 Stuttgart
Tel.: (0711) 12 77 799, Fax:
(0711) 12 77 800 Up
Europazentrum der Waseda-Universitaet
Poppelsdorfer Allee 64, D-53115 Bonn
Tel.: +49-228-7669620, Fax: +49-228-7669621, E-mail: waseda.ez@uni-bonn.de LINKS:
www.nippon.de
www.japan.de
Japanisches Außenministerium
Aktuelle Nachrichten in japanischen Medien WASTEC in Tokyo
Teilnahme gefördert durch die EU - >>Gateway to Japan<<
Zuschüsse zu Stand-, Reise- und Transportkosten
WASTEC findet jährlich statt. Alle Gebiete der Umwelttechnologie.
Wichtigste Umweltmesse in Japan. Stetig wachsende internationale Unternehmensbeteiligung.
Weitere Infos unter: www.eu-gateway-tojapan.de
Anfragen unter: japangtw@bonn.diht.de ECONOMY REPORT - JAPAN
Quotation: www.apecsec.org.sg
For more details please see www.apecsec.org.sg/member/memberecreport/japan.html
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
The Japanese economy is now on track for modest recovery. In fiscal year (FY)
1999 (April 1999-March 2000), real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 0.5
percent, following two consecutive years of contraction of the economy (–0.1
percent in FY1997 and –1.9 percent in FY1998). (On a calendar year (CY) basis,
real GDP increased by 0.2 percent in 1999 from a –2.5 percent in 1998). Real
GDP grew by 1.0 per cent in the second quarter of 2000 compared to the
previous quarter.
Two factors contributed to this modest economic recovery: stimulative
macroeconomic policies in 1998 and 1999, and the rebound in Asian economies.
Public investment recorded a positive growth for three consecutive quarters
(compared to the previous quarter) beginning the fourth quarter of 1998, which
underpinned the recovery, but posted a negative growth since the third quarter
of 1999. Overall, real public investments decreased by 0.9 percent in FY1999.
Exports have also been increasing, especially those to Asia, as the Asian
economy has recovered rapidly from recent Asian Financial Crisis. In FY1999,
total real exports of goods and services increased by 6 percent. (Growth for
exports of goods and services based on CY 1999 is 1.9 percent).
Due to these factors, positive signs for economic recovery have begun to be
observed in some fields of economic activities, especially in business
activities.
Although real private non-residential investment decreased by 2.3 percent in
FY1999, the decline seems to have bottomed out. The number of firms that
take positive action such as increasing the amount of fixed investment is
increasing gradually, especially in high-growth sectors.
Regarding consumers’ activities, private consumption remained weak because
of falling real earnings and uncertainty about employment prospects as it
recorded negative growth in the third and fourth quarters of 1999. It then
recovered in the first quarter of 2000 and recorded a 1.2 percent increase (in
real terms) for the entire FY1999.
INFLATION
Reflecting the sluggishness of private consumption, previous yen appreciation,
large decline in fresh food prices and effects of deregulation, the rate of
increase in the consumer price index (CPI) has been very stable. CPI dropped by
0.5 percent in FY1999 (–0.3 percent on CY 1999) and is expected to rise by
around 0.3 percent in FY2000. Domestic wholesale prices hit the bottom of the
downward trend in FY 1999 but has remained almost at the same level since
then due to price increases in the international commodity market, including
for crude oil and to progress in inventory adjustment. Domestic wholesale price
index (WPI) dropped by 1.0 percent in FY1999 and is expected to drop by
around 0.1 percent in FY2000.
EMPLOYMENT
The prolonged economic slump had serious impacts on the labor market, raising
the level of unemployment and putting downward pressure on wages.
Unemployment rate has remained high throughout FY1999 and recorded a
historical high at 4.9 percent in February and March 2000. The number of the
employed decreased by 0.5 percent and the unemployment rate rose to 4.7
percent in annual average in FY1999.
Although conditions in the job market indicate that labor adjustment pressures
remain strong, the unemployment rate in FY2000 is expected to decline slightly
to the level of 4.5 percent as a result of economic recovery. Thereupon, the
number of the employed is expected to increase by 0.4 percent.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Exports and imports, especially those to and from Asia, are increasing. In
FY1999, real exports of goods and services increased by 6.0 percent and real
imports increased by 8.8 percent. Current account surplus decreased from 15.2
trillion yen (3.1 per cent of GDP) in FY1998 to 12.6 trillion yen (2.6 percent of
GDP) in FY1999.
In FY2000, real exports are expected to increase by 3.8 percent while real
imports are expected to increase by 3.7 percent. The current account surplus is
expected to decline slightly to 11.4 trillion yen (2.3 percent of GDP) in view of
the faster increase in import values than export values as a result of higher oil
prices.
Capital account deficit decreased significantly from 16.8 trillion yen in FY1998
to 4.3 trillion yen in FY1999.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows from Japan increased by 42.6 per cent
from 5.2 trillion yen in FY1998 to 7.4 trillion yen in FY1999 while the FDI inflows
to Japan went up significantly from 1.3 trillion yen in FY1998 to 2.4 trillion yen
in FY 1999 for a 74.5 percent increase, reflecting a rapid growth of M&As
(mergers and acquisitions).
TOTAL EXTERNAL ASSETS
Following the historical high of 133 trillion yen in calendar year (CY) 1998, net
external assets decreased to 85 trillion yen in CY1999. Gross external assets
amounted to 308 trillion yen while gross external debt registered at 223 trillion
yen in CY1999.
EXCHANGE RATE
The Japanese yen has appreciated substantially from 124yen/US dollar in May
to 102yen/US dollar in December 1999, representing around 17.8 percentage
point appreciation. The rapid rise of the yen is regarded as a major concern for
the recovery of the Japanese economy in the short-run as it leads to decreases
in the profits of export-oriented firms.
Experiencing a temporary depreciation at the beginning of 2000, the yen came
close to 111yen/US dollar in February 2000. After that, the yen appreciated
once ore and has since been moving in the range of 103 to 110 yen/US dollar.
FISCAL POLICY
Fiscal policy has played a major role in supporting economic activities. The
government launched the Policy Measures for Economic Rebirth in November
1999, aiming to achieve a smooth transition from public sector-led growth to
private sector-led growth and to put the Japanese economy back on the path of
full-fledged recovery. The total amount of the measure in project volume was
about 17 trillion yen (or 18 trillion yen in total, including nursing care
measures), including measures for the financing of small- and medium-sized
enterprises (7.4 trillion yen) and spending on social infrastructure projects (6.8
trillion yen).
The FY2000 budget has been prepared with the objective of fully supporting the
government in putting the economy back into the track of full-scale recovery. In
addition, the government decided in September 2000 to compile a supplemental
budget of 3.5 to 4 trillion yen to strengthen the move of the Japanese economy
onto an autonomous recovery path.
On the other hand, the ratio of government bond issues to total government
expenditures in the FY2000 budget is expected to reach 38.4 percent and
outstanding government bonds are expected to reach around 364 trillion yen
(73 percent of GDP) at the end of FY2000. Under these circumstances, the
fiscal structure should be reformed. It will be necessary to promptly review
various fiscal and taxation issues and carry out comprehensive measures once
the economic recovery is firmly established.
MONETARY POLICY
Facing the severe economic situation, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) followed the
"zero interest rate" policy since early 1999. Short-term interest rates were
virtually zero since early March 1999, except for a period in which money
demand rose because of the Y2K issues. The BOJ terminated the zero interest
policy in August 2000, and short-term interest rates have made a slight
increase after that.
Long-term interest rates declined to 1.2 percent until mid-May in 1999
following BOJ’s zero interest rate policy and the Ministry of Finance’s
announcement to change the composition of maturity periods of government
bonds. Afterwards, they started to pick up and rose up to nearly 2.0 percent in
end-August in 1999 and have been moving within a narrow range of 1.5 percent
to 1.9 percent since then. Long-term interest rates rose in August 2000 after
the termination of the zero interest policy.
Although the stringent corporate climate finance has been relieved not only for
large firms but also for medium-sized firms, lending by financial institutions
remains stagnant.
MEDIUM-TERM OUTLOOK
The main thrust of the economic and fiscal policy of the Japanese government
should continue to be to sustain economic recovery. In making every effort to
bring the economy to an autonomous recovery path, the government is to
carefully monitor economic conjunctures and take appropriate actions. Priority
should also be placed on the bold reform of the economic structure. From this
perspective, the government is compiling a set of new economic policy
measures that should be rapidly implemented with the four pillars: the IT
revolution, environmental countermeasures, response to the aging society, and
urban redevelopment.
The growth rate of real GDP in FY2000 is expected to be around 1.0 percent.
This will be achieved by the strong increase in private non-residential
investment reflecting the improvements in corporate confidence and the
recovery of profits as well as moderate increase in private consumption.
The Cabinet decided to adopt the economic plan in July 1999, outlining the
long-term perspective of the Japanese economy and society up to 2010. In the
annex to the economic plan, the prospects of the main economic indicators up
to 2010 are given as follows:
Real growth rate: approximately 2 percent (in terms of "growth accounting")
Inflation rate: approximately 2 percent
Unemployment rate: the latter half of 3 percent to the first half of 4 percent
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